For newcomers and seasoned shoppers alike, cannabis strain terminology can sometimes feel like its own language. Yet, understanding the most important terms helps consumers make more informed decisions, shop confidently, and find products that best fit their needs. Here’s a straightforward breakdown of key terms every cannabis consumer should know.
Strains and Cultivars
The word “strain” is commonly used in the cannabis industry to describe different varieties of the plant, though “cultivar” is the more accurate agricultural term. A cultivar refers to a plant variety that has been selectively bred for certain characteristics—such as aroma, cannabinoid profile, or growth traits. While “strain” remains the everyday term in dispensaries, knowing both terms helps consumers understand industry conversations more clearly.
Indica, Sativa, and Hybrid
These terms were once thought to describe distinct effects: indica for relaxation, sativa for energy, and hybrids as a mix of the two. Modern research shows that actual effects depend more on a strain’s cannabinoid and terpene profile than its label. Still, many dispensaries use these categories as general guides, so it’s useful to know their traditional associations.
Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids are the chemical compounds in cannabis that interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system. The two most well-known are THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), which produces intoxicating effects, and CBD (cannabidiol), which is non-intoxicating and often linked with relaxation and wellness. Other emerging cannabinoids like CBG and CBN are gaining attention for their unique properties, making this a term worth knowing.
Terpenes
Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in cannabis (and many other plants) that influence aroma, flavor, and potentially the effects of a strain. For example, myrcene is often associated with relaxing effects, limonene with uplifting moods, and beta-caryophyllene with potential anti-inflammatory properties. Terpenes are key to why two strains with similar THC levels can feel very different.
Phenotype and Genotype
The genotype of a strain refers to its genetic makeup, while the phenotype is how those genetics are expressed when grown—shaped by environment, nutrients, and cultivation practices. Two plants with the same genetics can look, smell, and even affect users differently depending on how they’re grown.
THC Percentage and Potency
When shopping, consumers often notice strains labeled by THC percentage. While higher percentages can indicate stronger psychoactive effects, potency isn’t everything. A balanced strain with terpenes and secondary cannabinoids may deliver a richer, more enjoyable experience than THC alone suggests.
Entourage Effect
The “entourage effect” is a widely discussed concept referring to the way cannabinoids, terpenes, and other compounds in cannabis work together synergistically. Rather than one compound acting alone, the whole plant’s chemistry influences the experience. Understanding this concept helps explain why whole-flower products can feel different than isolated THC or CBD.
Final Thoughts
Learning cannabis terminology not only empowers consumers to make smarter choices but also helps build confidence when speaking with budtenders or reading product labels. Whether exploring wellness benefits or simply searching for enjoyable experiences, a strong grasp of these terms makes cannabis shopping both easier and more rewarding.